状语是英语句子中的一个成分,就像主语。英语当中的单词都有词性,如名称 、动词 等!副词就是来做状语的,用来修饰动词或者形容词,如 run fast中fast就是状语。当用一个句子来做状语时,就是状语从句。
状语和状语从句的区别
状语从句是把从句用作状语的句子。如果把从句当做一个模块,状语从句不过是一个用状语修饰了的句子。
所以理解状语从句的关键是理解什么是状语。英语中有两种修饰成分,定语和状语。定语修饰和限定名词,状语修饰和限定谓语动词。
所以,理解状语的关键是理解什么是修饰和限定谓语动词。
其实,修饰和限定很好理解,修饰即限定。例如:I have my breakfast at 7 o' clock、我7点吃饭。7点修饰了吃饭的时间,也限定了吃饭的动作发生在7点,而不是其它时间。
状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。
Let's do it now.
我们现在就开始吧。now作时间状语
What are you doing here?
你在这里干什么?here作地点状语
If you are tired, you can have a rest.
如果你累了,你可以歇会儿。if you are tired作条件状语
I come here to see you.
我来这里看望你。不定式to see you作目的状语。
Even if you are my father, you have no right to decide what I should do.
即使你是我爸爸,你也无权决定我该做什么。even if引导的从句作让步状语
I do it because of you.
因为你,我做了这些。because of you作原因状语
I like you very much.
我很喜欢你。very much作程度状语
You studied hard, so that you made great achievements.
你学习努力,所以你取得了巨大成就。so that引导的从句作结果状语
Can you speak it clearly?
你能说得更清楚些吗?clearly作方式状语
The president entered the room, followed by many assistants.
在很多助理的跟随下,总裁进入了屋子。followed by many assistants作伴随状语
根据以上例句,我们还可以归结出能成为状语的四类句子成分:副词,介词短语,非谓语动词和从句。
副词:Can you speak it again and more slowly?
介词短语:I can't live without you.
非谓语动词:Considering your bad temper, I should speak with you carefully.
从句:If you want to go, just go.
状语从句有哪些类型
状语从句一共有9类:
1、时间状语从句;2、地点状语从句;3、原因状语从句;4、条件状语从句;5、让步状语从句;6、目的状语从句;7、结果状语从句;8、方式状语从句;9、比较状语从句。其中最常用的是时间状语从句。
时间状语从句的引导词:时间状语从句引导词分为两部分:
as,while ,when , whenever ,before , after , until (till) ,since , as soon as,every time,next time,the first/…time,the moment,the minute/…,instantly,immediately,directly (一…就…)
no sooner… than…, hardly/ scarcely/ barely…when…
地点状语从句引导词:
地点状语从句用连接副词 where或wherever (在任何地方) 引导。
原因状语从句引导词:
because, as, since, now that, for,和considering that, seeing that 这七个连词都用于表示表示原因, 但在语气上一个比一个弱。
条件状语从句的引导词:
if, unless (除非), as / so long as (只要), on condition (只要), once ( 一旦), in case (假使) , providing / provided (that) 等。
让步状语从句引导词:
引导词:though, although, even if, even though,no matter + 疑问词(what/ who/ where/ when/ which/ how),疑问词-ever (whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever)
目的状语从句引导词:
in order that …,so that,for fear that; in case; lest (以免)等。
结果状语从句引导词:
so, so … that, such … that; so that 等
方式状语从句引导词:
as, just as, as if, as though, the way (that), in the way (that)等
比较状语从句引导词:
as …as, not so / as … as, more…than, less … than, the more + adj、/ adv., the more + adj、/ adv.
特殊用法:as用在不同的状语从句中意义不同:比如:
1、She sang as she worked.
2、Smart as he is ,he doesn’t study hard.
3、You must try to do as I did.
4、She doesn’t do her work as carefully as I.
5、As she was late for class, she had to say sorry.
部分状语从句可使用省略形式:
even if, if , once, while, though, unless, when, as if etc.
1、The flower his friends gave him will die unless (it is) watered every day
2、Even if (I am) invited, I won’t go there.
3、Once (you are) caught sleeping in class, you’ll be punished by your head-teacher .
4、Though (he was) surprised to see us, he gave us a warm welcome.
5、She won’t speak to anyone unless (she is) asked to.
6、When (it is) compared with the old one, our new house is really like a palace.
7、These young man volunteered to go wherever (they are) needed.
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