much直接修饰不可数名词,a lot不可以直接修饰不可数名词,需要加of再加不可数名词,也可以加可数名词复数。如:much milk=a lot of milk许多牛奶。
a lot的用法和much的比较
much和a lot 的区别:读音不同、意思不同、用法不同
一、读音不同
1.much读音:英 [mʌtʃ] 美 [mʌtʃ]
2.a lot 读音:英 [ə lɒt əv] 美 [ə lɑːt əv]
二、意思不同
1.much意思:
adj. 许多的
adv. 很;非常;几乎
n. 许多
2.a lot 意思:许多
三、用法不同
1.much用法:主要表示“程度”,意为“非常,很,大大,更加,…如何”,多修饰动词(可放于其前或其后),也常修饰形容词或副词的比较级或最高级和分词。一般用于疑问句或否定句。
2.a lot 用法:基本意思是“许多”,常后接不可数名词。
many/much/a lot of的异同点辨析
它们的共同点:
1.Much/Many/A lot of-(数量)很多
2.都可以修饰名词(有时也可以单用)
但我们这儿只谈它们修饰名词时的异同点。
两点区别:
一、它们修饰的是可数名词还是不可数名词。
Many+可数复数名词(plural noun)
Much+不可数名词(uncountable noun)
A lot of(lots of不可)+可数复数名词和可数名词
(a lot of 和lots of 意思一样,可以替换)
e.g.:
1.I haven't got much/a lot of luggage.
我没有很多行李。(luggage不可数)
注:haven't 是"have+not"的缩写
2.We don't know many/a lot of people.
我们不认识很多人。(people是可数复数)
3.Did you buy many/a lot of books?
你买了很多书吗?(books可数名词)
4.We bought a lot of food.
我买了很多食物。(food是不可数)
(注:#4不用much,在后面我们会解释原因)
二、它们可以用在什么句型中?
Many和a lot of(lots of)可以用在各种句型,肯定句,疑问句,否定句。
Much 用在疑问句和否定句中,很少用在肯定句。
e.g.:
1.Have you got many/a lot of friends? (一般疑问句)
你们交到很多朋友吗?
2.We haven't got many/a lot of friends. (否定句)
我们没有交到很多朋友。
3.We've got many/a lot of friends. (肯定句)
我们交到了很多朋友。
4.I don't drink much/a lot of coffee. (否定句)
我不喝很多咖啡。
5.Did you drink much/a lot of coffee?(疑问句)
你喝很多咖啡吗?
6.I drank a lot of coffee. (肯定句,一般不用much)
我喝很多咖啡。
A lot of美国加拿大人经常用,看起来似乎能代替many和much的地方都用a lot of,的确也是,但是它不是万能的,有些时候不能用,比如:
1.We spent too much money.
我们花了很多钱。
2.I have so much homework.
我有很多作业
3.How many students are there in your school?
你们学校有多少学生?
4.How much is it?这个多少钱?
所以我们可以看到a lot of不和"too和so"连用,也不用在特殊疑问句的疑问词后面。
a lot的用法总结
一、作名词短语,表示“很多;多量”,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,其后常有动词不定式短语作后置定语,如:
Sometimes we have very little snow, but sometimes there’s a lot.有时我们这儿雪很少,有时却又很多。(作主语)
There is a lot to see at the party. 聚会上有许多可观赏的东西。(作主语)
He’s given her a lot to eat. 他给了她许多好吃的东西。(作宾语)
You know a lot/much about English names. 你知道许多有关英语姓名的情况。(作宾语)
We see a lot of him these days. 这几天我们经常见到他。(作宾语)
This is a lot. 这真多。(作表语)
二、作副词短语,在句中作程度状语,表示“很;非常;常常”,修饰动词、感叹词、介词短语、形容词或副词的比较级,如:
It usually rains a lot/much at this time of year. 每年这个时候都经常下雨。(修饰动词rain)
Do you wear your new watch a lot? 你常戴你的新手表吗?(修饰动词wear)
Thanks a lot/very much ---that’s very kind. 多谢,十分感激。(修饰感叹词thanks,thanks=thank you)
He is feeling a lot/much better. 他感觉好多了。(修饰比较级better)
Your room is a lot bigger than mine. 你的房间比我的大得多。(修饰比较级bigger)
三、a lot前可被such,what,quite,rather修饰,如:
I like him quite a lot. 我非常喜欢他。
---How much money is left? ---还剩下多少钱?
---Rather a lot. ---还有相当多。
四、a lot of = lots of,可修饰可数或不可数名词,意为“许多”, “大量的”,相当于many或much。a lot, a lot of, lots of通常用于肯定句,否定句中一般用many或much,如:
There’s a lot of work to do and a lot of people have been sent there.
有许多事情要做,许多人已派去那里了。
much的基本用法总结
一、much 作限定词,用来表示某个单数不可数名词的数量大,意为“许多”,修饰单数不可数名词
1、一般用于否定句和疑问句中,例如:
I haven’t got much change. I’ve only got a ten euro note.
我没有多少零钱。我只有一张十欧元的钞票。
Is there much unemployment in that area?
那个地区失业率高吗?
It was pouring with rain but there wasn’t much wind.
雨下得很大,但风不大
2、在更正式的场合里,much 用于肯定句,否则用 lots of, a lot of 或 plenty of,例如:
There is much concern about drug addiction in the US.
在美国,人们非常担心吸毒成瘾。
3、在面对面的谈话中 用 this much 或 that much 加手势来表明数量,例如:
I only had that much cake. (配合手势)
我只吃了那么多蛋糕。
4、关于 much of
当名词被冠词a/an 和 the,指示代词 this 和 that,my, your 等形容词性物主代词修饰时,或修饰宾格代词时,much 后面要加 of,例如:
单数可数名词:
How much of this book is fact and how much is fiction?
这本书有多少是事实,多少是虚构的?
不可数名词:
Much of the food we eat is of very poor or indifferent quality.
我们吃的许多食物质量要么很差,要么很一般。
Much of his early work is concerned with the minutiae of rural life.
他早期的许多作品关注的是农村生活中一些鸡毛蒜皮的琐事。
代词:
I think you're expecting too much of me.
我认为你对我的期望太高了。
Sorry we've taken up so much of your time.
对不起,占了你这么多时间。
Has much of this actually been tried here? Or is it just talk?
这个多半已经真正尝试过了吗?还是仅仅说说而已?
5、too much 意为“太多的,不必要的”,修饰不可数名词,例如:
I bought too much food. We had to throw some of it away.
我买了太多的食物。我们不得不扔掉一些。
解析:此句中的 too much 中的 much 是重心,要区别于以 too 为重心的短语 much too.
当名词是前面提到过的,可以省略名词,单独使用 too much,例如:
A: They had a lot of work to do.
他们有很多工作要做。
B: Too much.
太多了。
6、在肯定句中,用 so much 而不用 very much 来强调某个东西的数量很大,可以意为”那么多,如此多“,例如:
He has so much money!
他有那么多钱!
解析:此句不能改成 He has very much money!
7、使用 as much + 不可数名词 + as | as much as 作数量的对比,例如:
Try and find out as much information as you can.
尽可能多地找出信息。
Take as much time as you like.
你想花多少时间就花多少时间。
Experts reveal only as much as they care to.
专家们只透露了他们想透露的那些。
二、作副词,修饰动词,形容词及比较级或副词及比较级,比较级和最高级分别是:more 和 most
1、修饰动词,放在实义动词的前面或后面,be 动词之后,例如:
实义动词:
Thank you very much for the flowers.
非常感谢你的这些花。
I would very much like to see you again.
我很想再见到你。
be 动词:
My new job is much the same as the old one.
我的新工作和旧工作差不多。
2、修饰形容词及比较级,例如:
形容词:
The matter is much exaggerated.
这件事被大肆夸张了。
I'm not much good at tennis.
我不太擅长打网球。
We are very much aware of the lack of food supplies.
我们完全了解食物供应的缺乏。
形容词比较级:
Sometimes the prices in the local shop are much better than the supermarket’s prices.
有时当地商店的价格比超市的价格好得多。
I feel much calmer now I know she’s safe.
现在我知道她安全了,我觉得平静多了。
副词:
The skin is much too delicate.
皮肤太娇嫩了。
The other one was much too expensive.
另一个太贵了。
解析:以上两句中的 much too 中的 too 是重心,要区别于以 much 为重心的短语 too much.
副词比较级:
She’s walking much more slowly since her operation.
手术后她走得慢多了。
解析:此句中副词 slowly 的比较级是 more slowly,much 修饰 more slowly.
Babies lose heat much faster than adults.
婴儿散失热量较成人快很多。
三、常见的 much 习语
1、as much 一样;同等,例如:
I'm as much in the dark as you.
我和你一样毫不知情。
2、as much as sb can do 表示难以做到,例如:
No dessert for me, thanks. It was as much as I could do to finish the main course.
谢谢,别给我甜食了。我吃完这道主菜就不错了。
3、not much in it 没什么区别;差别不大,例如:
I won, but there wasn't much in it.
我赢了,但比分相差不大。
4、not much of 不是很好;不怎么样,例如:
He's not much of a tennis player.
他算不上网球好手。
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