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十二种状语从句分类

2023-12-27 11:38 浏览

状语从句可表示时间、地点、条件、方式、让步、原因、比较、目的、结果等意义。不同的状语从句要求不同的连词或相当于连词的词组引出。

十二种状语从句分类

1、时间状语从句:

常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when instantly

eg.I ran into the classroom as soon as the bell rang.

2、地点状语从句:

常用引导词:where

特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhere

eg. Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.

3、原因状语从句:

常用引导词:because=in that, since=now that, as, for

特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that

eg. I 'm late because I didn't caught the bus.

4、目的状语从句:

常用引导词:so that, in order that

特殊引导词: for fear that(唯恐/生怕),in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

eg. You should book the hotel in advance so that the travel will be more easy.

5、结果状语从句:

常用引导词:so … that, such … that

特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that

eg. He is so young that he can't have meal by himself.

6、条件状语从句:

常用引导词:if, unless,

特殊引导词:as/so long as(只要), only if, providing/provided that(倘若), supposing that(倘若), in case that(以防), on condition that

eg. You can go to London as long as you have passport.

7、让步状语从句:

常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词:as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while,no matter …, in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, as if=as though

eg. Though we are old, we still can do these by ourselves.

8、比较状语从句:

常用引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…,no … more than; not A so much as B

eg. She is as pretty as her mother.

9、方式状语从句:

常用引导词:as, as if, how

特殊引导词:the way

eg. He didn't so it the way his brother did.

状语从句的简化

状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如:

When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .

He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.

另外,比较状语从句经常省略。例如:

I’m taller than he (is tall )。

The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is )。

就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化".状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。

状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。

(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:

If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。

You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。

(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:

a.连词+形容词

As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。

Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。

Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。

b.连词+名词

While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。

Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。

c.连词+现在分词

As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。

Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。

d.连词+过去分词

He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。

The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。

e.连词+不定式

He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。

He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。

f.连词+介词短语

She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。

He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。

注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:

When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over,all the people went out of the meeting-room.)

状语从句例题及解析

1、I won’t call you, ______ something unexpected happens.

A、unless

B、whether

C、because

D、while

答案:A

unless引导条件状语从句,意为“除非”,表示“我不会给你打电话,除非出乎意料的事发生”。whether引导让步状语从句或名词性从句,意为“无论是否”或“是否”。because引导原因状语从句,意为“因为”。while引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”,也可引导并列句,意为“而”。

2、We all know that, ______, the situation will get worse.

A、not if dealt carefully with

B、if not carefully dealt with

C、if dealt not carefully with

D、not if carefully dealt with

答案:B

if引导条件状语从句时,某些成分可以省略,if not carefully dealt with表示“如果不小心处理”。

3、____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.

A、If

B、Since

C、Though

D、When

答案:A

if引导虚拟条件句,意为“如果”。根据其时态可判断出表示过去非真实情况。这句话的意思是“如果他的腿没有受伤,约翰会赢这次赛跑”。since引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句,表示“自从”或“因为”。though引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”。when引导时间状语从句,意为“当……的时候”。

4、Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language.

A、as

B、that

C、which

D、where

答案:B

such形容词,意思是“如此、这样”,修饰名词,即可接可数名词,也可以接不可数名词。such…that句型,如此…以至于,句意:流行音乐是社会的如此重要的一部分,以至于甚至影响我们的语言。选B。

5、Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully.

A、though

B、before

C、until

D、if

答案:D

由语境逻辑可知,没有被小心驾驶是帆船在水中容易倾覆的条件,因此该空应填if引导条件状语从句。

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